ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Evolution of pesticide resistance in Arthropods is a very widespread phenomenon that involves scientific as well as social and economic problems. Cited cases in the literature are numerous with special references to species of anthropic environments. This is related to strong selective pressure on these species, exerted using many pesticides (chlororganic more than the others). Resistance is considered a phenomenon conferring adaptation in presence of pesticides and depending on three kinds of factors: genetic, biological/environmental, operational. Just operational factors - including timing, dose and formulation of pesticides used - are under man's control. However, devising management strategies for delaying or forestalling the evolution of pesticide resistance requires a thorough understanding of all the parameters influencing the selection process. At the present time, three different strategies have been experimented with: saturation, moderation, multiple attack. Important contributions could be derived in the future by the use of "expert systems," not yet applicable. High agricultural costs associated with resistance to pesticides require further efforts for better understanding of the general problem and its control.